Graphic revolution: How Poland redefined the art of poster design
An exhibition shows the best of Polish graphic art: posters, books, vinyl covers that capture the nation’s cultural history
An exhibition shows the best of Polish graphic art: posters, books, vinyl covers that capture the nation’s cultural history
Vibrant colours, check. Humour, check. Fantasy, check. If you have noticed any of these elements in a poster recently, then you have the Polish School of Posters to thank for it. The movement emerged in Poland in the mid-’50s to late ’60s and blurred the lines between poster design, painting, and story-telling. It pioneered a new approach towards art, one in which the artist could innovate and be original, a thought that impacted design across the world.
The travelling exhibition — Eye on Poland. New graphic design from Poland — is showcasing a selection of multicoloured posters, independently published books, catalogues, and CD/vinyl record covers. A joint initiative by The Polish Institute in New Delhi, the Dr Bhau Daji Lad Museum, and Polish culture portal Culture.p, it has so far toured Japan and South Korea.
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Commissioned by cultural institutions, museums and galleries, the works were executed by 30 designers, artists and design studios over five years. Glance through the posters, and what strikes you is the use of eye-popping colours like purple and fluorescent pink, an emphasis on bold letters, and vivid imagery that ranges from a Warhol-esque reproduction of a city, to a woman shedding tears of jet black ink.
“Our posters are colourful, witty and smart. Also, our language, cultural identity and imagination have impacted our contemporary graphic language and design,” says co-curator Magdalena Frankowska. The posters and graphics may seem vibrant but they camouflage a bleak and uncertain period in Polish history — when Communism was at its peak during the Cold War.
How it began
After the end of World War II, wooden-fenced construction sites around Poland were covered with posters. In the absence of museums or art galleries, the fences were a makeshift platform to showcase art. Poster design was also introduced as a subject at the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts. These factors contributed to the rise of a new branch of art — the Polish School of Posters (mid-’50s to late ’60s).
“For 15 years, Poland provided the stage for the emergence of a new phenomenon in poster design. Its designers today are not just the creators of posters — they are also illustrators, visual artists or even photographers. The designers have tried out various techniques such as photography, collage, painting, freehand drawing or even a combination of all these methods to make the designs,” adds Frankowska.
Poster child
The posters on display showcase the significant periods of Polish history and offer a socio-political commentary. Designer Małgorzata Gurowska’s Locomotive/ideology is a graphic book which reinterprets The Locomotive, a Polish poem for children. The book, in the form of an accordion, has illustrations that showcase the contents of train wagons, which range from aggressive football fans to Jews (reflects its anti-Semitic history), soldiers and animals.
Similarly, Gurowska’s poster Jazz (shows a wolf howling in the night) is a cover for a music record, and reflects how Polish jazz music evolved along with the poster movement leading a lot of artists to design for music records. Ola Niepsuj’s poster, Lovecats (shows two cats balancing atop each other on a see-saw), is a poster for a music event that effectively combines simple drawing techniques with a digital format, while Agata Dudek’s poster (shows a blingy lemur and a bulldog) draws from fairy tales and children’s books.
“The modern Polish posters have an original form. Their creators play around with aesthetic conventions, grotesqueness and humour. The result is often high-quality, cutting-edge design marking new directions,” says Frankowska.
Eye on Poland. New Graphic Design from Poland will take place from June 17 to July 31, 10am to 5.30pm
At: Bhau Daji Lad Mumbai City Museum, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Road, Byculla (E)
Call: 2373 1234
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